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polarization rotator
A polarization rotator is an optical device that rotates the polarization axis of a linearly polarized light beam by an angle of choice. These rotators are either based on the principle of birefringence or on total internal reflection.〔F. J. Duarte, (''Tunable Laser Optics'', 2nd Edition (CRC, New York, 2015) Chapter 5 ).〕
==Wavelength specific polarization rotators==
Half-wave plates and quarter-wave plates: these rotators work due to the principle of birefringence. Their performance is wavelength specific; a fact that may be a limitation. Switchable wave plates can also be manufactured out of liquid crystals, ferro-electric liquid crystals,or magneto-optic crystals. These devices can be used to rapidly change the angle of polarization in response to an electric signal, and can be used for rapid polarization state generation (PSG) or polarization state analysis (PSA) with high accuracy. In particular, the PSG and PSA made with magneto-optic (MO) switches have been successfully used to analyze polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependent loss (PDL) with accuracies not obtainable with rotating waveplate methods, thanks to the binary nature of the MO switches. Furthermore, MO switches have also been successfully adopted to generate differential group delay for PMD compensation and PMD emulation applications.
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